Syness My Shield - My experiments with Truth - by Mahatma Gandhi - Lesson - summary - Videos

Syness My Shield - My experiments with Truth - by Mahatma Gandhi - Videos;

1. Larger version - with explanation to the key points - 30 Mins

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4og7fgkD7fw

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Shyness, My Shield - by Mahatma Gandhi - Extracted from "The Story of My Experiments with Truth" -- NOTES - SUMMARY

Shyness, My Shield - by Mahatma Gandhi (Extract from "The Story of My Experiments with Truth)
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Shyness My Shield (Extracted from the Autobiography “The Story of My Experiments with Truth” by Mahatma Gandhi)

Introduction:

• ·         This essay was extracted from Mahatma Gandhi’s autobiography “The story of My experiments with Truth”
• ·         This essay tells about the initial fear of Gandhiji to deliver a public speech when he was a student in England.
• ·         It gives different anecdotes of Gandhi’s repeated attempts and failures to deliver a public speech while he was in England.
• ·         Finally the essay says that Gandhiji’s shyness became his shield.
• Key Points:
• Gandhiji’s initial trouble with Public speaking:
• ·         When Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi was studying Law in England, he became a member of the Vegetarian Society.
• ·         He was elected to the Executive Committee of the Vegetarian Society. He used to attend every one of its meetings, but never opened his mouth.
• ·         He sat quite silent while other members were expressing their opinions at these meetings.
• ·         Though he was interested to speak, he could not open his mouth. He used to think that others knew better than him.
• ·         Whenever he dared to speak, a new subject would be started. This went on like this for a long time.

Gandhiji’s first attempt in Public Speaking:

• ·         In the meantime, the Vegetarian society faced a serious situation because of the differences between two persons Mr. Hills and Dr. Allison.
• ·         Mr. Hills was the President of the Vegetarian society. He was a Puritan (a particular section in Christianity). He was the proprietor of the Thames Iron works. He gave much financial assistance to the society. Many members of the society were his followers/ supporters.
• ·         Dr. Allison was another important member. He was advocating the ‘new birth control movement’. He was preaching the birth control methods among the working classes.
• ·         Mr. Hills regarded the activity of Dr. Allison as against the morals preached by Christianity. (In those days, Puritans were against the artificial methods of birth control). So, he wanted to send Dr. Allison out of the group.
• ·         Mahatma Gandhi also did not like the Artificial Birth control movement at that time. But, he did not want to support Mr. Hills’ decision, because the Vegetarian society can have any one as members if he is practicing vegetarianism. So Gandhiji did not like the idea of Mr.Hills.
• ·         Mr. Hills brought a motion (proposal) to remove Dr. Allison.
• ·         Gandhi wanted to oppose  the proposal of Mr. Hills. But, he did not have the courage to speak. So, he wrote down his thoughts on a piece of paper. But, he could not even read it. So, someone else read his thoughts/ speech.
• ·         In the voting, Dr. Allison lost. So, he was removed from the society.
• ·         Thus in the very first battle of the kind Gandhiji found himeself siding with the losing party. Gandhiji was satisfied that his thought was right. Later, Gandhiji resigned from the Committee.
• ·         Gandhiji’s shyness to give public speech remained throughout his stay in England.  Even during his social meetings also, he could not speak to the gathering.

Gandhiji’s second attempt to deliver a public speech:

• ·         In one more incident, Gandhiji went to Ventnor with Sjt. Mazmudar. There, Gandhiji was invited to speak at a meeting for the promotion of vegetarianism.
• ·         Once again, Gandhiji prepared his speech in writing.  To speak ex tempore (without preparation) was out of the question for Gandhiji. He  stood up to read the written speech, but could not. His  vision became blurred and he trembled. Sjt. Mazmudar had to read it for him.  Gandhiji was ashamed of himself and sad at heart for his incapacity.
• Gandhiji’s final attempt to deliver a public speech in England:
• ·         Gandhiji’s last effort to make a public speech in England was on the eve of his departure for home (India).
• ·         Then, Gandhiji invited his vegetarian friends to dinner in the Holborn Restaurant. During the dinner also, the people gave speeches. When Gandhiji’s turn for speaking came, he stood up to make a speech. He wanted to start his speech with a humorous anecdote (story/ joke), but he could not proceed beyond the first sentence. He stuck there.
• ·         His memory entirely failed him and in attempting a humorous speech he made himself ridiculous. He abruptly sat down by thanking the guests.
• ·         It was only in South Africa that Gandhiji got over his shyness, though henever completely overcame it. It was impossible for Gandhiji to speak impromptu (without preparation).
• ·         Gandhiji hesitated whenever he had to face strange audiences and avoided making a speech whenever he could.
• ·         Gandhiji admitted that he was not good at engaging friends in a meeting.

Gandhiji’s Shyness became his Advantage:

• ·         Gandhiji said that though occasionally his shyness put him in awkward situations, his constitutional shyness did not become a disadvantage.
• ·         In fact, on the contrary, it was all to the advantage of Gandhiji. His  hesitancy in speech became a pleasure in his later life. Its greatest benefit has been that it had taught Gandhi the economy of words.
• ·         Gandhiji had naturally formed the habit of restraining (controlling) his thoughts. A thoughtless word hardly ever escaped his tongue or pen. He found no occasion where he had to regret anything in his speech or writing.  Thus, Gandhiji had been spared from many troubles and waste of time.
• ·         Experience had taught Gandhiji that silence was part of the spiritual discipline of a supporter of truth.
• ·         Generally, people have the weakness of exaggerating, suppressing or modifying the truth, willingly or unwillingly. Silence is necessary in order to surmount it.
• ·         A man of few words will rarely be thoughtless in his speech; he will measure every word. Most of the people are interested in speaking a lot and they generally exceed the time-limit. But, such talking is useless to the society.
• ·         Gandhiji finally said that unnecessary talk is so much waste of time. He said that his shyness had been in reality his shield and buckler. It had allowed him to grow. It had helped him in his judgment of truth.
• ·         Thus, Gandhiji finally felt that his shyness was shield and it moulded his personality.
• ---------------- 
• Summary/ Notes for Exam:

      “Shyness, My Shield” is an essay written by Mahatma Gandhi. This essay was extracted from Gandhiji’s autobiography “The story of My experiments with Truth”. It gives different anecdotes of Gandhi’s repeated attempts and failures to deliver a public speech while he was in England.

    When Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi was studying Law in England he used to fear to deliver a public speech. He became a member of the Vegetarian Society. When there were differences between Mr. Hills, the Chairman of the society and Dr. Hills, the supporter of family planning methods, Gandhi tried to speak for the first time in the public. But he failed to deliver a speech. Someone else had to read his speech. 

      In a meeting held at Ventnor, Gandhiji tried to read a written speech. But he failed in this second attempt also. His vision blurred and he could not go forward. 

       Gandhiji’s last effort to make a public speech in England was on the eve of his departure for home (India).  When he gave a dinner to his friends in the Holborne Restaurant,  he tried to deliver a public speech. He started with a humorous anecdote. But, he failed to make an impression. So, he suddenly sat thanking the guests. Thus, Gandhiji could not learn the art of public speaking while he was in England. When Gandhiji went to South Africa only, he could learn delivering public speeches. He still had the fear in him. 

       However, Gandhiji felt that his silence did not become a disadvantage. It actually helped him to develop his personality by sticking to truth. His shyness taught him the economy of words. He learnt controlling his thoughts. Gandhiji never uttered a thoughtless word in his life. He also felt that silence was part of the spiritual discipline of a supporter of truth. Gandhiji finally said that unnecessary talk was so much waste of time. He said that his shyness had been his shield. It had helped him in his judgment of truth.

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Notes Prepared by:

Noojilla Srinivas,
     Lecturer in English 

Govt. Degree College, Alamuru, East Godavari Dist, Andhra Pradesh.

Ph: 7981862200; email: noojillasrinivas@gmail.com 

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Nannaya University - Degree - II Year - 3rd Semester - English - Model Paper - AKNU

Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajahmundry
Nannaya University - Degree - II Year - 3rd Semester - English - Model Paper

For Video Please click the following link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8IuQZ71PF4

RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM

CBCS / Semester System

(From 2015-16 Admitted Batch)

III Semester Syllabus

ENGLISH – MODEL PAPER

***

Blue Print of the Semester End Exam. Question Paper:

—  Total Marks: 75

—  Section – A (Prose)

—  Answer 3 out of 4 questions;  3X5 = 15M

—  Section – B (Poetry)

—  Answer 3 out of 4 questions;  3X5 = 15M

—  Section – C (Short Story)

—  Answer 2 out of 3 questions;   2X5 = 10M

—  Section – D (One Act Play)

—  Answer 2 out of 3 questions;   2X5 = 10M

—  Section – E (Composition)  (25 Marks)

1.     Writing a Paragraph on given topic (1 out of 3)    –        1X5 = 5 M

2.     Preparing a Press Note on given activity               -        1X 5 =5 M

3.     Note making from the given paragraph                 -        1X5 = 5 M  

4.     Match the following (Instructions/ Notices)                   -        5X1 = 5 M

5.     Write One word Substitutes                                   -        5X1 = 5 M

DEGREE – 3^rd Semester

GENERAL ENGLISH – MODEL PAPER (2017 Question Paper)

Time: 3 Hrs.                                                                                                                                        Max . Marks: 75

SECTION – A (PROSE)

Answer any Three of the following Questions                                                                   3X5 = 15 M

1.       Gandhiji’s views of shyness are a little complex

2.       Why does Gandhiji say that this is constitutional

3.       What do people really love about new technology?

4.       What dos Genevieve Bell say about Women’s gadget adoption?

SECTION – B (POETRY)

Answer any Three of the following Questions                                                                   3X5 = 15 M

1.       What is the central idea of the Poem ‘Once upon A Time’.

2.       How do the people in the poem ‘Once Upon A Time’ use language to hide their emptiness and hypocrisy?

3.       What were Seamus Heaney’s memories of his grandfather in the Poem ‘ Digging’?

4.       How is Potato- picking similar in some ways to Poetry?

SECTION – C (SHORT STORY)

Answer Any Two of the following  Questions                                                                     2X5 = 10 M

1.       Sketch briefly the character of Mrs. Mina Das.

2.       How does Mrs. Das’ attitude change towards Mr. Kapasi as they go along? Explain.

3.       Give an account of Mother’s nature and behavior depicted in the story ‘The Beloved Charioteer’.

SECTION – D (ONE ACT PLAY)

Answer Any Two of the following  Questions                                                                     2X5 = 10 M

1.       Sketch the character of Girisam in the play ‘ Kanyasulkam’

2.       How is ‘Kanyasulkam’ a critique of society?

3.       Describe the condition of women in society as portrayed in the play.

SECTION –E (COMPOSITION)

1.       Write a neat paragraph on any one of the following.                                      1X5 = 5 M

a.       Slow attitude. Long life

b.      Knowledge is power

c.       Honesty is the Best Policy

2.       Prepare a press note on ‘Freshers Party’ conducted in your college.       1X5 = 5 M

(Your answer must include important details such as date, chief guest,                                     presiding officer, events)

3.       Read the following paragraph and make notes on the topic and main ideas.       1X5 = 5 M

A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps for there is a companionship of books as well as of men: and one should always live in the best company, whether it be or books or of men.

A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that is always was and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful companions. It does not return its back upon us in times of adversity or distress it always receives us with the same kindness, amusing and instructing us in youth and comforting and consoling us in age.

4.       Match the following                                                                                                                      5X1 = 5 M

1.       It is highly inflammable                                          -              a) Tight security

2.       The parcel contains glassware                            -              b) Avoid fire

3.       Aeroplanes are prohibited                                   -              c) Abandoned

4.       This building is old                                                    -              d) No flying zone

5.       This is highly guarded by the police                  -              e) Handle with care

5.       Write one word substitutes for the following                                                                    5X1 = 5 M

1.       The Scientific study of Cancer

2.       Something that is found everywhere

3.       Science that deals with kidney diseases

4.       To admit one’s sins and mistakes

5.       One who doesn’t believe in the existence of good

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Typed and uploaded by: Noojilla Srinivas, lecturer in English, Govt. Degree College, Alamuru, E.G. Dist, Andhra Pradesh - Ph: 7981862200

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Degree II Year - 3rd Semester - English syllabus - Adi Kavi Nannaya University - AKNU

Degree II Year - 3rd Semester - English syllabus - Nannaya University - AKNU 

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Pleae follow the following link to watch the Syllabus - explanationVideo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXStPkwWKlA

ADIKAVI NANNAYA UNIVERSITY

RAJAMAHENDRAVARAM

CBCS / Semester System

(From 2015-16 Admitted Batch)

III Semester Syllabus

ENGLISH

(Common for All UG Programs)

Instructional Objectives:

·         Comprehend the information stated in the text.

·         Improve the skills of drawing inferences.

·         Understand and use phrases in writing a paragraph.

·         Produce a coherent and cohesive piece of text.

·         Improve the writing skills of learners.

Unit – I: Prose

1. Shyness My Shield by M.K. Gandhi (The Story of My Experiments with Truth)

2. Why People Really Love Technology:

      An Interview with Genevieve Bell by Alexis C. Madrigal

Unit – II: Poetry

1. Once upon a Time - Gabriel Okara

2. Digging - Seamus Heaney

Unit – III: Short Story

 1. Jhumpa Lahiri: The Interpreter of Maladies

2. Shashi Deshpande: The Beloved Charioteer

Unit – IV: One Act Play

1.      Kanyasulkam (Acts I & II): Gurajada Appa Rao (Translated by C. Vijayasree).

Unit – V: Language Activity

1. Expansion of an idea

2. Reporting for the Media

3. Note Making

4. Short Notices / Signs

5. One word substitutes Subject to approval

-------------------- 

NOOJILLA SRINIVAS 

Lecturer in English

Govt. Degree College 

Andhra Pradesh

Ph: 7981862200

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Degree I Year - 1st Semester - English syllabus - Adi Kavi Nannaya University- AKNU

Degree I Year - 1st Semester - English syllabus - Adi Kavi Nannaya University
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Please see the following video for the syllabus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xb1rplWNWck

Channel: youtube.com/c/noojillasrinivaswriter 

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Half a Rupee Worth - Short story by R.K. Narayan - SUMMARY

*Half A Rupee Worth*
--- R.K. Narayan
***
               "Half a Rupee Worth"is a short story written by R.K. Narayan. It describes the life of a rice merchant Subbaiah and his rise to prosperity and his death crushed under his own rice bags.

               Subbaiah is a rice merchant at the market gate in Malgudi. He has a great love and respect for his profession. When he was a Small boy, Subbaiah's father made him stay in the shop. So, Subbaiah dreamt of rice, thought of rice and talked of rice. He took over the business when his father died.

               Subbaiah's business prospers. Subbaiah kept five cows and buffaloes for his wife and five children. He owned thirty acres of land, a dozen houses and an unlimited quantity of jewels. He lent money to needy people at exhorbitant rates of interest and amassed wealth.

                During war time, government brought food control. He began to stock rice. He sold the rice at very high rates. He sold in small quantities only and he always took money in advance.

              One Evening, a person came to Subbaiah and requested him give atleast half-a-rupee worth of rice, as his family was very hungry. Subbaiah agreed to give only half-a-seer of rice and asked him to wait at the street corner. He went to one of his secret godowns.

              The man waited for a long time and then went to Subbaiah's house and informed his wife. When the godown was opened, they found Subbaiah's body crushed under rice bags. The half-a-rupee coin is found beside his dead Body. His death was attributed to accidental topples of rice bags. Subbaiah's tragic end is the fate that awaits hoarders.
....
Noojilla Srinivas,
Lecturer in English,
Govt. Degree College,
Alamuru.
pH:7981862200
noojillasrinivas@gmail.com 

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English - Expansion of Proverbs - Notes

Expansion of Proverbs

Proverbs: A Proverb is a well-known saying that conveys a general truth or that offers advice on life and behaviour, for example: ‘Honesty is the best policy’, ‘All that glitters is not gold’. Proverbs are simple in form, yet packed with meaning.  Though they consist of short sentences, they contain a lot of wisdom. Proverbs often make use of metaphors to convey their meaning.  (Metaphors are comparisons made between two dissimilar things without using the words ‘like’ or ‘as’ to show that one of hem has some quality of the other). Another feature of proverbial sayings is irony, or the use of words to convey meanings that are the opposite of what they usually mean.

Expansion of Proverbs: Expansion of proverbs is a meaningful writing task.  It involves understanding the meaning of a proverb, what it implies and how it relates to the present time.  To expand a proverb, you will have to explain its meaning and elaborate on its significance by using reasoning and giving examples from real life to convey its truth and wisdom clearly to the reader. A good para written for expansion must have 1) unity of thought; (2) order; (3) coherence; (4) variety and (5) Expansion.

Some guidelines for expansion of proverbs:

• In the first instance, read the given proverb. Think about the proverb and understand its meaning, significance and implications.
• Think of one or two examples from real life, from books you have read and films you have watched or from other sources.
• Arrange your thoughts in the logical sequence and write the piece, using simple language and keeping to the usually allowed one-page limit. 
• Make the opening and conclusion interesting and impressive.

Some examples of Expansion of Proverbs:

1. All that glitters is not gold.
2. Make hay while the Sun shines
3. Honesty is the best policy
4. A stitch in time saves nine.
5. Haste makes waste (or) Slow and steady wins the race.
6. Necessity is the mother of invention.

1. Haste makes waste (or) Slow and steady wins the race.

When we do any work, we should be very careful. We should not be in a haste/ hurry. We should work slowly and steadily to get better result.  For example, while climbing a tall tree or a hill, we should be very careful. Any small negligence or haste will make us slip and fall down. The story of ‘hare and tortoise’ we learnt in our childhood teaches a very good lesson in this regard.  In the story, the tortoise walks slowly and steadily. It wins the race with confidence. Whereas the hasty but lazy hare finally loses the race with its over-confidence. Similarly, the student who reads regularly from the beginning can easily pass the examination and get good marks.  But the student who reads hastily just before the examinations, may fail. Hence, in every walk of life, to reach our goals, we should make our efforts continuously and carefully.

2. Strike while the iron is hot. (Or) Make hay while the sun shines

(Means = Utilise the opportunity when it comes on your way) (Hay = dried grass)

The proverb tells us that when an opportunity comes in our way, we should make use of it without wasting time. Hay means dried grass like straw.  It has to be stored for the cattle. We have to dry the grass and make the hay while the Sun is shining to store it for the future. Once we lose the opportunity, we cannot dry the grass in the winter or rainy season. In the same way, when the iron is hot only, we can bend it into any shape by striking on it. If it is cooled, we cannot bend it. These examples tell us that we must make use of a good opportunity when it knocks our door. If we miss it, we cannot get the same opportunity back.  We have to observe the bees which store the honey for future and the ants which gather their food for future and like that.  During the school days or college days, the student has to pay attention to his studies and do hard work. If he neglects his studies during this period, he will not get better results and will not get another opportunity to prove his worth.  So, we must make use of the available time and opportunities well and do the right thing at the proper time.

3. Honesty is the best policy:

Honesty means being truthful and fair in thought, speech and action.  The lives of great men across the world like Mahatma Gandhi, Jesus Christ, Abraham Lincoln, etc., prove that their greatness was due to their honest nature. History tells us that honest people are always respected. In the modern age also people like Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, Anna Hazare, etc., are honored for their honesty and not for their wealth and power. However rich and wealthy they may be, people do not honor dishonest men. Honesty gives courage to face any difficulties. Hence, honest people can achieve any great things in their lives in straight and fair manner. On the other way, dishonest people are cowards. They always want to achieve some thing with unfair means or corrupt methods. Ultimately, they fail in life. Though a dishonest student manages to get marks by copying, he will not succeed in life. An honest person is remembered even after his death. A dishonest person is hated even during his life-time. Hence, honesty is the most important policy one has to follow through his entire life.

4. All that glitters is not gold (or) Appearances are deceptive:

Generally, people give value to the external appearances. But the external appearance cannot be always reliable. For example, Gold is a precious metal and it shines brightly. But, just because some other metals also shine, they cannot be as valuable as gold. That is, all that glitters is not gold. People get deceived by the outward appearances. A person who appears very innocent may prove cruel.  A dress which appears very costly because of its over shining may actually be a cheap one.  Hence, we must try to know the inner quality of a person or a thing to assess his/ its value.  We must not fall in the trap of external attraction.

5. A Stitch in time saves nine:

This proverb tells us the importance of being careful at the right time.  When we observe any defect or mistake in anything, we must try to correct/ repair it in the initial stage itself. Otherwise, the problem becomes bigger and unsolvable.  By being careful in small things, we can avoid major dangers.  For example, if a cloth is torn little, we must immediately attend to it and stitch it.  Otherwise, the tear of the cloth becomes bigger and cannot be repaired. Any symptoms related to ill-health or disease should be attended carefully. Otherwise, the diseases may aggrevate and take life itself. Similarly, if a child or a student finds any defect, some bad qualities, he should correct them  immediately, otherwise it will be difficult to get rid of the bad qualities at later period. 

6. Necessity is the mother of invention:

The proverb tells us that the need of a thing forces us to think actively. Solutions for problems can be found out if only we use our brains. But we use then only when there is need.  This results in the invention of a new thing.  Most of the scientific inventions in human history are answers to some pressing need.  Primitive man’s need for food forced him to shape weapons for hunting. His need and wish to travel extensively across the world resulted in invention of steam boat and later electric motor.  Most medicines are the results of the need for the cure to fatal diseases. Thus necessity is the mother of invention. 

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