AKNU - Degree - 2nd year -3rd sem - CSS-2- Debate

 

1.     DEBATE

Question: Write about Debate.

Answer: “Debate” is a discussion in the formal context. It is a formal discussion on a particular topic between two groups or parties. The opposing arguments are put forward and solutions are offered at the end of it.

Example: Political debates, religious debates, etc.

 

Benefits of a Debate:

Debates help in improving the following skills among students.

1.    Critical thinking skills

2.    Logical thinking skills

3.    Communication skills

4.    Problem solving skills

5.    Negotiation skills,and

6.    Team spirit

 

Roles in a Debate:

·         There are two groups which participate in a debate. One speaks in favour of the resolution. The other opposes the resolution.

·         The group which speaks in favour of the topic is called the affirmative group.

·         The group which opposes the resolution is called the opposing group.

·         The debate will be started and monitored by the chairperson

·         The debate is evaluated by adjudicators.

 

Stages in a Debate:

1.    Introduction

2.    Argument

3.    Conclusion

 

Tips for Debate:

1.    Understand the topic properly

2.    Identify the two possible sides of it

3.    Build your arguments for each side

4.    Provide real life examples

5.    Conclude properly

6.    Work it out together and within the given time

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Reference: Communication and Soft Skills- Volume-1 - by Orient blackswan

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AKNU - Degree 2nd year - 3rd sem - CSS-2 - Role Plays

 

SPEAKING SKILLS- II

1.     ROLE PLAYS

 

Q: Write an essay on “Role Play”:

 

Ans:

 

“Role-play” is a method of teaching communication skills. In this, students act in different characters like doctors, teachers, police officers, lawyers, business men etc. They practice the dialogues related to the character, based on the context.

 

Benefits of Role Plays:

1.    Role Play exercises improve communication skills

2.    Role Plays help to improve soft skills like thinking skills, negotiation skills, adaptability, decision-making skills, interpersonal skills and the skills of a facilitator.

3.    The students will be able to express their feelings in a better way

4.    The students can show better attitude

5.    The students develop sympathetic understanding and empathy.

 

Importance of “Role Plays” for learning a Language:

1.    The person would think and behave in that role

2.    The persons would respond to problems

3.    The persons would solve the problems in the context

4.    The persons would use language for asking questions or giving information

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Reference: Communication and Soft Skills - Volume-I - by Orient Blackswan

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AKNU - 2nd Year - 3rd semester - CSS-2 - Public Speaking Skills

 Public Speaking Skills

 

Introduction about Public Speaking:

 

“Public Speaking” means addressing a gathering. For example: addressing the audience on freshers’ day, College annual day, etc.

Great public speakers are not born. But, they are self-made. People like Gandhiji, Abraham Lincoln, and several others became great speakers only through observation and constant practice.

If you speak well in public, it can help you get a job or promotion, raise awareness for your team or organization, and educate others. The more you push yourself to speak in front of others, the better you'll become, and the more confidence you'll have.

 

Important aspects of Public Speaking:

1.    Planning

2.    Be Original and Smart

3.    Short, Sweet, and not beyond given time

4.    Keep the audience in mind

5.    Stay cool and relaxed

6.    Be interactive and humorous

7.    Mind your Body language

8.    Be unbiased

9.    Practice well

10. Observe other successful speakers to learn the skills.

 

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Reference: Communication and Soft Skills-  Volume-I - by Orient Longman

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AKNU - Degree 2nd Year 3rd semester - CSS-2 - Presentation Skills

 

2. Presentation Skills

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Presentation skills are very important in conveying one's ideas to a group of students, employees, business men, etc.

 

Presentation skills are not difficult. Anyone can acquire them as a skill. Presentation skills include thinking skills, communication skills, and body language.

 

Presentation skills are useful when we present papers in seminars, in training workshops, in Viva voce, or during presentation of research project reports. We will also use them in Interviews, conferences, student meets, college functions, large meetings and even in small family gatherings. We need them in student loans fe as well as in a workplace.

 

Requirements for Presentation Skills:

 

1. Planning is important

2. Originality and smartness are needed.

3. Presentation should be short, sweet and be within time limit

4. Audience need to be kept in mind.

5. Presentation should be done in cool and relaxed manner

6. Interaction with the audience is needed.

7. Humour can be added but it should not be coarse comedy.

8. Body language if the presenter is very important

 

Tips for improving PowerPoint presentations:

 

1. Choose the topic

2. Decide the number of slides and suitable design.

3. Choose relevant contrast colours, which are not gaudy

4. Do not use more than three colours

5. Select the right font

6. Keep Computer in working condition with proper audio and video devices.

7. Make Projector and Screen ready

8. Keep the Speakers in working condition.

9. During presentation, Show the slides one after the other leaving space for ample discussion.

10. Use relevant animation style.

11. Clarify doubts

12. Thank the audience.

 

AKNU - 2nd Year - 3rd Sem - CSS-2 - Speaking Skills - Interview Skills

 UNIT-3: SPEAKING SKILLS-I

 

1.    Interview Skills

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Interview:

 

Interview is a meeting between two people. They know about each other through questions and answers.

 

The person who asks questions is an interviewer. The person who responds is an interviewee.

Examples: interviews of writers or film actors on the TV or in the news papers.

 

Organisations conduct interviews to select right personnel. They look into the mind of eligible candidates to assess their strengths and weaknesses and recognise if the candidate is suitable for their organisation. They assess our physical, mental and psychological attitudes. Every Interview board consists of four to six members.

 

Skills Required for Interview:

 

Facing the interview board only needs a group of skills like Communication skills, thinking skills, body language etc.

 

For selecting a suitable candidate, Interviewers conduct two main kinds of interviews:

(I) Telephone Interview and

(Ii) Personal Interview

 

Telephonic Interview helps them to screen the attitude of the applicants before shoet-listing the aspirants. Telephonic interview needs telephonic etiquette - your polite way of responding and intonation.

 

Stages of an Interview:

There are two important stages for an Interview.

1. Pre- Interview stage

2. During Interview stage

 

1.    Pre- Interview stage:

 

Important things and Skills required during this stage are as follows:

A. Getting certificates/documents mentioned in the C.V. / Resume/ Biodata ready.

B. Grooming (Hairstyle)

C. Getting a simple but decent dress

D. Research about the organisation

E. Polish your general knowledge

F. Doing SWOT Analysis

G. Practising Expected Questions

2.    During Interview Stage:

 

A. Greeting the interview board

B. Offering a firm hand shake

C. Confidence

D. Active listening and speaking

E. Body language - Eye contact, smile, sitting posture, Hand movements

F. Thinking skills

G. Alertness

H. Sincerity

I.. Positive attitude

 

Tips for the Pre-interview Stage:

 

1.Certificates and other documents must be kept ready

2. Funky hairstyles should be avoided and decent look must be maintained

3. Dressing for the interview must be simple and decent

4. Flashy dresses with gaudy designs should not be worn.

5. Avoid ornamentation

6. Get your footwear polished and ready.

7. Know about the organisation

8. Update your General knowledge

9. Present yourself fifteen minutes before the scheduled time.

 

SWOT:

The persons who attend Interviews must do "SWOT Analysis”. SWOT means - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.

 

The SWOT analysis helps to improve yourself as it shows your defects. It gives you confidence by showing your strengths.

 

Prepare your SWOT analysis before attending any interview. Introspect and write down your strengths, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Then, try to sharpen your strengths further and reduce your weaknesses. Improve your knowledge and skills to project your readiness to utilize the available / expected opportunities and to face the challenges.

AKNU - 2nd Year - 3rd Sem - CSS-2 - Intonation

 2. INTONATION

 

Intonation:

 

Intonation is one of the important components of speech. Intonation is the use of appropriate tone to convey meaning.  In combination with words, tone helps us understand the gist of the message. When someone asks us a question, ‘Are you leaving tomorrow?’ the gradually rising tone helps us realise that it is a question whether we understand its meaning or not.

 

Speech uses several kinds of tones. The more important of these are:

(1)  rising tone

(2)  falling tone

(3)  rising-falling tone

(4)  falling-rising tone

These different tones are explained in the following:

 

Observe the following sentences, and note the changes in the pitch of voice as we say the sentences aloud.

      A                                                         B

A: He is coming.                                     B: Is he coming?

A: It’s hot today.                                      B: Is it hot today?

A: I can help you.                                   B: Can I help you?

A: You must leave now.                        B: Must you go now?

 

The sentences given under ‘A’ are all sentences. The pitch of the voice usually falls at the end of these statements. That means, the sentences are uttered with a falling tone.

 

The sentences given under ‘B’ are questions. They are said with the pitch of the voice rising at the end. That means, the questions are uttered with a rising tone.

 

1.    Falling Tone:

a.    Normally, statements which are complete and definite are spoken with a falling tone. Example: GOD made man.

b.    ‘Wh’ questions. Example: WHAT’S the time? WHERE do you live?

c.    Commands. Example: SHUT the door; Come QUICKLY.

d.    Exclamatory sentences. Example: Good HEAvens! (A pleasant surprise); What a lovely FLOWer! (A sense of appreciation)

 

 

2.    RISING TONE:

a.    If a statement is intended as a question, a rising tone is used.

Examples: You came this MORning? (I thought you came yesterday evening).

                  He died so SOON? (A sense of surprise)

b.    If the statement is intended to be soothing or encouraging

Examples: I will HELP you. (So don’t worry.)

                  I hope you will PASS. (So don’t worry.)

c.    If one wants to show as much interest in the other person as in the subject, then the wh-question is asked in a rising tone.

Examples: What’s your NAME?;  How is your DAUGHter?

d.    Yes/ No questions:

Examples: Can I SEE it?;  Have you finished your WORK?

e.    If the exclamations are spoken as questions

Examples: OH? (Is it so?)

                  REAlly? ( I thought otherwise.)

                  WHAT? (Can it be true?)

f.     Greetings and wishes.

Examples: Good MORNing.

                  HeLLO.

                  Happy BIRTHdya.

g.    Rhetorical questions that are merely asked for the sake of emphasis or for creating a certain effect are spoken in a rising tone.

Examples: Can the blind lead the BLIND?

                  Who can escape DEATH?

h.    Apostrophes (i.e., addresses to a person – often and absent or to a thing – often personified) are made in a rising tone.

Examples: FRAILty, thy name is woman.

                  DEATH, where is thy sting?

 

FALLING-RISING TONE:

 

A third intonation pattern is the falling-rising tone. it indicates a movement of the pitch of the voice from a high level to a low level and then to the middle or high level. This tone  generally indicates that something is implied, something which is not expressed openly or directly or something about which one has certain reservations.

1.    In Tag Questions. Eg: You’re learning FRENCH, AREN’T you?

2.    When a contrast is drawn in a sentence.

Eg: My niece is a DOCtor, not an enginNEER.

 

Rising –Falling Tone:

The fourth intonation pattern is the rising-falling tone. It indicates a movement of the pitch of the voice from a low level to a high level and then to the middle or the low level.

·         when there is enumeration of things in a sentence, i.e., things mentioned in succession are spoken with a rising tone followed by a falling tone in the end.

·         Eg: I CAME,I SAW, I CONquered.

·         We’re going to FRANCE, ENGland, ROME and then SWITzerland.

 

 

 

 

Tones in relation to Attitudes:

1.    Tone of Queries – Eg: WHY DO YOU THINK he is so late?

2.    Tone of Replies – Eg: Do you work on a Saturday? NO, we are closed.

3.    Tone of Idiomatic Expressions- Eg: LOOK who’s talking!

4.    Tone OF Continuation and Completion –

Eg:      A: Do you know MURTHY?

            B: Yes.

            A: He’s met with an accident.

            B: Oh, is he SAFE?

            A: YES, he is out of danger now.

 

5.    Tone of Question Tags – Eg: It’s very BORING, isn’t it?

6.    Tone of Agreement–

Eg:      A: It’s a nice movie, isn’t it?

            B: YES, very nice.

7.    Tone of Disagreement

Eg:      A: Cricket is more interesting than football.

            B; I don’t THINK SO.

8.    Tones of Commands and Requests

COMMANDS: Eg:                            Requests: Eg:

            GO to bed.                                         Please sit DOWN.

            SHUT the window.              Try AGAIN.

            WASH the car.                                  Don’t forget TO WRITE.

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Reference: Communication and Soft Skills - Volume-1 by Orient Blackswan

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