A HISTORY OF INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE
DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL AND DRAMA (1857-1920)
BITBANK FOR MATCHING AND MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Kylash
Chunder Dutt first published the literary fantasy on 6th June 1835,
depicting the story of an imaginary unsuccessful revolt against the British
rule a hundred years later.
2. Sushee
Chunder Dutt published his novel “Repu8blic of Orissa” in 1845.
3. Bankim
Chandra Chatterjee wrote one novel in English ______________________ .
It was serialized in the Calcutta Weekly.
4. Toru
Dutt’s unfinished novel: “Bianca or The
young Spanish Maiden”.
5. Krupabai
Satthianadhan’s novel: Kamala – A story
of Hindu wife.
6. Romesh Chunder Dutt’ novels (translated
from Bengali):
·
“The Lake of Palms”
·
The Slave Girl of Agra
7. A. Madhavaiah’s novels:
·
A Posthumous Autobiography
·
Clarinda
·
Nanda, the Pariah
8. T. Ramakrishna Pillai:
His historical Romances: “Padmini” and “A Dive for Death”
9. Sirdar Jagendra Singh:
·
His historical novel : “The Romance of an Indian
Queen”
·
Other novels: “An Indian Medley”, “Kamala”, and “Kamni”.
10. Rabindranath Tagore’s Dramas/ Plays:
·
Post
Office
·
Chitra
·
King of
the Dark Chamber
·
Red
Orleanderers
·
Natir
Puja
·
Sanyasi
·
The Cycle
of Spring
·
Chitra
·
Malini
·
Sacrifice
·
The King
and the Queen
·
Kacha and
Devayani
·
Karna and
Kunti
·
The
Mother’s Prayer
11. “Death or Dishonour” is an Indian English play written by an
anonymous author from North India.
12. Krishna Mohan Banerjee wrote “Thye
Persecuted or Dramatic Scenes” in
1831.
13. Michael Madhusudhan Dutt translated
three of his Bengali plays into English. They are:
·
“Ratnavali”
·
“Sermista”
·
“Is this
called civilization”?
14. Sri Aurobindo wrote five complete and
six incomplete verse plays.
·
The Witch
of Ilni
·
A Dream
of woodlanders
·
Achab
·
Esar
·
Persus
the Deliverer
·
Rodogune
·
Vaziers
of Balsora
15. Harindranath Chattopadhyay – His plays:
·
“Abu Hasan”
·
Pundalik
·
Saku Bai
·
Jaya Deva
·
Chokha
Mela
·
Ekanth
Raidas
·
Tukaram
·
The
Window and the Parrot
·
The
Senry’s Lantern
16. Srinivas Ayyangar’s plays:
·
Blessed
is a wife
·
The Point
of View
·
Wait for
a Stroke
Early
Indian Short Stories:
17. Shoshee Chunder Dutt’s collection of short
stories: “Tales from Indian History”
18. “Shunkar: A Tale of Indian Mutiny of 1857” is
a short story written by Shoshee Chunder
Dutt.
DEVELOPMENT OF DRAMA, FICTION AND SHORT STORY FROM 1920-1947
(GANDHIAN ERA)
1.
The period between 1920 and 1947 is called
Gandhian Era, because of the influence of Mahatma Gandhi on Indian Independence
Movement.
2.
Gandhiji launched the ‘Civil Disobedience
Movement’ in 1930.
3.
Quit India Movement started on the date “9th August 1942”.
4.
Mohd. Ali
Jinnah became the president of Muslim
League in 1934.
5.
The All
India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was founded in 1920.
6.
Mahatma
Gandhi (Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) was born on October 2, 1869.
7.
Books written by Mahatma Gandhi:
·
Hind Swaraj
·
Satyagraha in South Africa
·
Indian Home Rule
·
Hind Swaraj and Indian Home Rule
8.
Gandhiji’s
autobiography – “My Experiments with
Truth”
9.
Journals edited by Gandhi were:
·
Young India
·
Satyagraha
·
Navajivan
10.
Books
written by Jawahar Lal Nehru:
·
“Soviet Russia”
·
“Whither India”
·
“Glimpses of World History”
·
“An Autobiography”
·
“The Discovery of India”\
11.
Books written by Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan:
·
The
Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore
·
The Reign
of Religion in Contemporary Philosophy
·
The Hindu
View of Life
·
Kalki or
The future of Civilization
·
An
Idealist view of life
12.
The trio
of Indian English Novel are:
·
Mulk Raj
Anand, R.K. Narayan, and Raja Rao
13.
The novels of A.S. Pamcha Pakesa Ayyar:
·
Sita’s choice
·
The Slave of Ideas
14.
The plays
of Tyagaraja Paramasiva Kailasam:
·
Little
Lays and Plays
·
The
Burden and Fulfilment
·
In
Fulfilment
·
A
Monologue: Don’t cry
15.
The two plays of Bharati Sarabhai:
·
The Well of the People
·
Two Women
16.
Plays written by Joseph Mathias Lobo- Prbhu:
·
Mother of New India
·
Death Abdicates
·
Apes in the Parlour
17.
Novels of K.S.
Venkata Ramani:
·
Murugan, the Tiller
·
Kandan The Patriot: A Novel of New India in the
Making
18.
Novels of A.S.P.
Ayyar:
·
Baladitya
19.
Novels of Krishna
Swamy Nagarajan:
·
“Athavar House”
·
“Chronicles of Kedaram”
20.
Mulk Raj
Anand:
Anand’s
remarks on his fiction: “the double burden on my shoulders, the Alps of the
European tradition and the Himalayas of my Indian past.”
·
“Apology
for Heroism” – is an autobiographical
writing of Mulk Raj Anand
·
“Untouchable”
is the first novel of Mulk Raj Anand
(published in 1935)
·
Anand’s
other famous novels:
o
Coolie
o
The Big
Heart
o
Two
Leaves and a Bud
21.
R.K.
Narayan:
·
R.K. Narayan’s full name: Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Narayan
·
R.K. Narayan’s first novel – “Swami and Friends” (published in 1935)
– In this novel, the hero is ‘Swamy’, a school going boy.
·
“The
Bachelor of Arts” is Narayan’s novel
published in 1937 – In this, the hero is ‘Chandran’, a sensitive young graduate
caught in a conflict between the western ideas of love and marriage.
·
“The Dark
Room” is a novel written by R.K. Narayan – It depicts the traditional
Indian social setup, family and gender relations. – Savitri is the heroine/ main charater in this novel which
represents the middle class Indian woman.
·
“The
English Teacher” is Narayan’s last novel before independence.
·
“The
Guide” is Narayan’s famous novel,
which brought him Sahitya Akademi award in 1960. ‘Raju’ , a railway guide is
the hero in this novel.
·
In the novel “The Financial Expert” written by
Narayan, the hero is ‘Margayya’.
·
Other
famous novels of R.K. Narayan:
o
“The Man Eater of Malgudi”
o
A Tiger for Malgudi
o
Waiting for the Mahatma
o
The Vendor of Sweets
o
The Talkative Man
22.
Raja Rao:
·
Raja Rao is the youngest of the trio of Indian
novelists He is considered to be the
most “Indian” of Indian English novelists. He is a symbol,ist, stylist and a
philosophical novelist.
·
Raja Rao is deeply influenced by sages like
Pandit Taranath of the Tungabhadra Ashram and Sri Atmanand Guru of Trivandrum.
·
Raja Rao is very much attached to the Indian
ethos.
·
Raja Rao has written only four novels
·
His first novel is ‘Kanthapura’. – It is the story of a sough Indian vi9llage caught in
the spirit of freedom struggle. Murthy is the central character (hero) in this novel.
·
Raja Rao’s other famous novels:
o
“The
Serpent and The Rope”- He got Sahithya Akademi award in 1963 for this book.
Rama Swamy is the hero of this novel. The novel indicates
the theme of quest for self knowledge.
o
“The Cat
and Shakespeare” – is a (novel) Philosophical fiction written by Raja Rao.
It is a funny story of deep Philosophical importance.
o
“Comrade
Kirillov” - is a novel by Raja Rao
o
23.
Muslim
Novelists:
During
the Gandhian era, there emerged some Muslim novelists. They wrote evocatively about life in the
Muslim households.
·
Ahmed Ali wrote a novel “Twilight in Delhi”. In this
novel, he portrayed the story of Mir Nihal from the middle class Muslim family.
His another novel “Ocean of Night”
is another nostalgic study of Muslim society.
·
Iqbalunnisa Hussain is the author of “Purdah and Polygamy”
·
Humayun Kabir is the author of “Men and Rivers”.
·
Amir Ali is the author of “Conflict”.
·
K.A. Abbas wrote many novels and popular film
scripts.
24.
Indian
English Short Story:
·
Several short story writers came into prominence
during Gandhian Era.
·
The novelists like Mulk Raj Anand, R.K. Narayan
and Raja Rao also wrote several short stories.
·
T.L. Natesan wrote “The Children of Kaveri and
Creatures” under the pen-name Shankar Ram.
·
A.S.P. Ayyar published three collections of
stories: Indian After-Dinner stories,
Sense in Sex and Other stories.
·
S.K. Chettur wrote “Muffled Drums and other Stories”, a collection of short stories.
·
Manjeri Isbaran wrote many collections of
stories. Some of them are: “The naked
Shingles”; “Siva Ratri”, “Angry Dust”, and “Rikshawalla”.
·
Mulk Raj Anand brought of seven collections of
short stories. He retold traditional Indian tales in addition to his original
compositions. His stories are wide ranging in mood and tone.
·
R.K. Narayan’s first collection of short stories
is –“Cyclone and other stories”. Narayan’s famous collection of short stories
is “Malgudi Days”. This was made
into a T.V. serial also.
·
Raja Rao published some collections of stories–
“The Cow and the Barricade and other
stories”; “The Policeman and the Rose” and “India – A Fable”.
INDIAN ENGLISH
FICTION FROM 1947- ONWARDS: Post Independence Period
25.
The Indian novel in English has gone far ahead
of poetry, both in quantity and quality, despite its late start. With the
Gandhian struggle for freedom, the Indian English novel really comes to its
own.
26.
Some of the major themes of the Indian English novel
are: Nationalism, the East-West conflict, Gandhian ideology, the struggle for
independence and various social and economic issues such as casteism, poverty
and industrial development.
27.
In the post-independent era, the dramatic shift
was to the colonial period, reexamination of imperialism, multi culturalism of
Indian society, psychoanalysis of national identity and emergence of India as a
sovereign nation.
28.
The post Independence era has witnessed the
emergence of a large number of eminent women novelists like Ruth Prawar
Jhabwala, Anita Desai, etc.
IMPORTANT
NOVELISTS
29.
Bhavani
Bhattacharya:
·
Bhavani Bhattacharya is the earliest social
realist.
·
He believes that Art must teach, but
unobtrusively, by its vivid interpretation of life. He felt that a novel must
have a social purpose.
·
His first novel “Many Hungers”. – In this novel, the theme is exploitation, set
against the background of the ‘Quit India’ movement.
·
His novel “Music
for Mohini” is the story of Mohini, a city- bred, village-wed girl and her
adjustment to her new life-style.
·
His other novels: “He Who Rides a Tiger”; “Shadow from Ladakh”; “ A Dream in Hawali”.
30.
Manohar
Malgaonkar:
·
Manohar Malgaonkar is a realist. He believes
that art has no purpose to serve except pure entertainment.
·
After retirement from army service, he began his
writing career as a novelist.
·
His novels are:
o
“DramatistDrums”;
o
“Combat
Shadows”;
o
“The
Prince”; and
o
“A Bend
in the Ganges”.
31.
Kushwant
Singh:
·
His famous books on history are: “Ranjit Singh Maharajah of the Punjab”
and “A History of the Sikhs”.
·
His translation is: “The Sacred Writings of the Sikh’s”.
·
His famous novel in English: “A Train to Pakistan” – The theme of this novel is partition of
India and Pakistan.
·
His other novels: “I shall not hear the Nightingale”
32.
Menon
Marath -
·
He is a native of Kerala. His novels are rooted
in the soil of his native place.
·
His novels are: “Wound of Spring” and “The
Sole of an Island”.
33.
Bala
Chandra Rajan
·
His novels reflect realism and fantasy. His realism is more psychological.
·
His Novels:
o
“The Dark
Chamber” - this shows the problem of
East-West confrontation
o
“Too long
in the West” - it is a comic novel.
34.
Subhindranath
Ghose:
·
His novels are an exciting experiment of the
Indian ethos (culture).
·
His popular novels are:
o
“And
Gazelles Leaping”;
o
“Cradle
of the Clouds”
o
“The
Vermillion Boat”
o
“The
Flame of The Forest”
o
“The
Strange case of Billy Biswas” – This is his best work.
·
35.
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